Imyanda ya plastike nigisubizo nkicyoitera umwuzureMu bice bimwe na bimwe by'isi. Nkuko polymers ya plastike idashobora kubora byoroshye, umwanda wa plastike urashobora gufunga inzuzi zose. Niba igeze ku nyanja irangirira cyanekureremba imyanda.

Mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cyisi yose yo kwanduza plastike, abashakashatsi bateje imbere plastike itesha agaciro nyuma yo guhura numucyo wizuba numwuka mubinyejana byinshi, cyangwa ibinyejana byinshi, birashobora gufata plastiki ya buri munsi ibintu byo kubora.

InImpapuro zatangajweMu kinyamakuru cy'umuryango w'Abanyamerika (Jacs), abashakashatsi barambuye plastike bashya batesha agaciro ibidukikije bitandukana ku zuba muri aside saccice, mu buryo busanzwe butabaho uburozi butari bwo mu bidukikije.

Abahanga bakoresheje resonance ya kirimbuzi ya ruguru (NMR) na Spet Specroscopy iranga imiti kugirango bagaragaze ibyagaragaye kuri plastike, polymer ishingiye kuri peteroli.

Bio-bishingiye? Bisubirwamo? Biodegradable? Ubuyobozi bwawe kuri plastike irambye

Hamwe no kuba hejuru kuri gahunda ya buriwese hamwe no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga byihuse, isi ya plastiki irahinduka. Dore ibyo ukeneye kumenya kubikoresho bya plastiki bya none - kandi rimwe na rimwe urujijo,

Imyanda ya plastike yahindutse impungenge ku isi.Amakarenga miriyoni magana ane yakozwe kwisi yose buri mwaka, mugihe79 ku ijana by'imyanda ya plastike byose byakozwe byarangiye mu myanda cyangwa nk'imyanda mu bidukikije.

Ariko tuvuge iki kuri plastike nshya, irambye - bazadufasha gukemura ikibazo cya spastike? Ni ubuhe butumwa bushingiye kuri Bio, Biodegradage cyangwa BIYOSE BISOBANURO BISOBANURA, kandi nigute bashobora kudufasha kugera ku ntego zaho mbi kandi tugagabanya ko hakenewe amavuta yo gukora pestics?

Tuzagutwara mubijyanye na bimwe mubintu bikunze kugaragara na phostics zirambye kandi fungura ibintu biri inyuma ya buri kimwe.

Bioplastics - Plastics zishingiye kuri bio-bilide cyangwa biodegraduable cyangwa byombi

Bioplastics ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu kwerekeza kuri plastiki zishingiye kuri bio, bizima, cyangwa guhuza ibipimo byombi.

Bitandukanye na plastike gakondo bikozwe mumatako ashingiye ku mashyamba,Ibikoresho bishingiye kuri bio byuzuye cyangwa igice gikozwe mumatsinda ashobora kongerwabikomoka kuri biomass. Mubisanzwe byakoreshejwe ibikoresho fatizo kugirango bitange ibiryo byinshi byumusaruro wa plastiki birimo ibiti by'ibigori, ibiti by'ibisheri na selile kandi biragenda n'amavuta atandukanye n'amavuta akomoka ku masoko ashobora kongerwa. Amagambo 'Bioplastics' na 'bishingiye kuri Plastike' bikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bumwe nabayliya ariko ntibashaka kuvuga ikintu kimwe.

Plastics ya Biodegradableni plastique hamwe ninzego za molekile zirashobora kuborizwa na bagiteri kurangiza ubuzima bwabo mubihe bimwe nibidukikije. Ntabwo plastike zose zishingiye kuri biodegraducro mugihe plastike zimwe zakozwe mubice byibibabi mubyukuri.

Bio-Bishingiye - Plastike zirimo ibice byakozwe na biomass

Plastics zishingiye kuri bio-zishingiye ku gice cyangwa rwose zikozwe mubintu byakozwe muri biomass aho kuba ibikoresho fatizo. Bimwe nibisanzwe ariko abandi sibyo.

Muri 2018, toni miliyoni 2.61 za plastiki zishingiye ku bio zakozwe ku isi,Nk'uko Ikigo cya bioplastike na biocomposite (IFBB). Ariko ibyo biracyari munsi ya 1% byisoko rya plastiki kwisi yose. Nkibisabwa plastike bikomeje kwiyongera, niko bisaba ibisubizo bya plastiki birambye. Igicucu gisanzwe gishingiye kuri plastike kirashobora gusimburwa nigitonyanga cya plastiki - bio-bishingiye kuri bio bihwanye. Ibi birashobora gufasha kugabanya ikirenge cya karubone cyibicuruzwa byanyuma mugihe ibindi biranga ibicuruzwa - kuramba cyangwa ubushobozi - kurugero, bikomeza kuba bimwe.

PolyhydRalKanoate cyangwa PHA, ni ubwoko rusange bwa plastiki bihuza bio-bishingiye kuri ubu, bigakoreshwa mugupakira n'amacupa, kurugero. NiByakozwe na fermentation yinganda mugihe bagiteri zimwe zagaburiye isukari cyangwa ibinureKuva ku bitekerezo nkaBeets, isukari yisukari, ibigori cyangwa amavuta yimboga. Ariko ibisubizo bidakenewe,nko guta imyanda cyangwa molase iguma nyuma yo gukora isukari, irashobora gukoreshwa nkayindi bitashye, kuvana ibihingwa byibiribwa kubindi bikoreshwa.

Nkibisabwa plastike bikomeje kwiyongera, amanota maremare ya plastiki ashingiye kubi bikoresho yinjiye ku isoko kandi agomba gukoreshwa nkubundi

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Ibikoresho bimwe bishingiye kuri bio, nka, gumanuka-muri plastike bifite imiterere yimiti hamwe numutungo wa plastiki isanzwe. Ibi bicura ntabwo biodegraducge, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mubisabwa aho kuramba ari ikintu wifuza.

Bio-itungo rishingiye kuri bio, rigizwe ahanini uhereye kuri kama erylene glycol iboneka mubimera, ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa byinshi nkaamacupa, imbere yimodoka na elegitoroniki. Mugihe abakiriya basaba plastiki irambye yiyongera,Isoko rya plastike riteganijwe gukura saa sita 10.8% kuva 2018 kugeza 2024, biyongereye buri mwaka.

Bio-Bishingiye Polypropylene (pp) ni ikindi gitonyanga cya plastiki gishobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa nkintebe, ibintu hamwe nintara. Mu mpera za 2018,Umusaruro wubucuruzi wa PP ishingiye kuri PP yabaye kunshuro yambere,Kubyara imyanda no gusiga amavuta, nko gukoresha amavuta yo guteka.

Biodegradable - plastike ibora mubihe byihariye

Niba plastike ariodegrame, bivuze ko ishobora kunyurwa mubihe bimwe na bimwe byibidukikije cyangwa mugihe cyo guhuza na bagiteri yihariye cyangwa mikorobe, cyangwa metani, bitewe nibihe bya aerobic cyangwa anaerobic cyangwa anaerobic. Biodegraation ntabwo yerekana ibintu bishingiye kuri bio; Ahubwo, bifitanye isano nuburyo bukunda bwa plastiki. Nubwo plastishi nyinshi ya biodegradapadio ifite ibihuza,Ibikoresho bimwe bya biodegradupadic bikozwe mumatako ashingiye kumavuta yamavuta.

Ijambo biodegrafiya ridasobanutse kuko ritabikoramessifiy igihecyangwa ibidukikije byo kubora. Plastike nyinshi, ndetse natari Biodededadimedable, izatesha agaciro niba bahabwa umwanya uhagije, urugero yimyaka amagana. Bazasenyuka mubice bito bishobora kutagaragara mumaso yumuntu, ariko ugumaho nkabantu microstics mubidukikije bidukikije.Ibinyuranye, Plastishimebuwe cyane Biodegrade muri CO2, amazi na biomass niba bahawe umwanya uhagijeMubihe byihariye ibidukikije. Birasabwa koamakuru arambuyeKugeza igihe plastike ifata biodegrade, urwego rwa Biodegrado kandi rusabwa rugomba gutangwa kugirango rusuzume neza ibyangombwa byayo. Plastike ya fucuka, ubwoko bwa plastiki ya biodegraduble, biroroshye gusuzuma kuva bigomba kubahiriza amahame asobanuwe kugirango abone ikirango.

Inkumi - Ubwoko bwa plastiki ya biodegradable

Plastike ikonje ni agace ka plastiki ya biodegradable. Munsi yibihe, byavunitse bya mikorobe muri CO2, amazi na biomass.

Kuri plastike kugirango byemerwe nkibyokumba, bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge. Mu Burayi, bivuze ko muri aIgihe cyagenwe cyibyumweru 12, 90% ya plastike igomba kubora mubice bitarenze 2mmmubunini mubihe bigenzurwa. Igomba kuba irimo urwego rwo hasi rwibyuma biremereye kugirango bitangiza ubutaka.

Plastikebakeneye koherezwa mu nganda aho ubushyuhe bukoreshwa nubushuhemurwego rwo kwemeza gutesha agaciro. PBAT, kurugero, ni ubuhe buryo bwo kugaburira polymer ikoreshwa mugukora imifuka kama, ibikombe bitagerwaho hamwe na firime yo gupakira kandi ni biodegradedable mubimera byafunzwe.

Plastike isenyuka ahantu hafunguye nko mubirundo byurugo mubisanzwe biragoye gukora. PHAS, kurugero, guhuza fagitire ariko ntibikoreshwa cyane kuvabahenze kubyara kandi inzira iratinda kandi iragoye gupima. Icyakora Abami bashimangira kunoza ibi, kurugero bakoreshejeUmuyoboro wa chimique- Ikintu gifasha kongera igipimo cyimyitwarire yimiti.

Ibisubizo - Guhindura plastike kubicuruzwa bishya ukurikije imashini cyangwa imiti

Niba plastike isubirwamo, bivuze ko ishobora gusubirwamo munganda kandi ihinduka ibindi bicuruzwa byingirakamaro. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibihe bya plastiki busanzwe birashobora gutungura mishini - ubwoko bukunze guturika.Ariko isesengura ryambere ryisi ryimyanda ya plastike burigihebasanze 9% gusa bya plastike gusa byasubiwemo kuva ibikoresho byatangiye gukorwa hafi imyaka mirongo itandatu ishize.

Gutunganya imashinibikubiyemo gukomata no gushonga imyanda ya plastike no kuyihindura pellet. Izi pellet noneho zikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo kugirango ibicuruzwa bishya. Ubwiza bwa plastike bwangirika mugihe cyibikorwa; Igice cya plastikiirashobora gusa kwangurana ibitekerezo umubare mutoMbere yuko itagikenewe nkibikoresho fatizo. Plastike nshya, cyangwa 'isugi ya plastike', irakunze kuvangwa na plastiki yatunganijwe mbere yayo ihinduka ibicuruzwa bishya kugirango ifashe kugera kurwego rwifuzwa. Nubwo bimeze bityo, plastic yatunganijwe muburyo budakwiriye kubikorwa byose.

Plastiki yasubijwemo ya plastiki irashobora gusimbuza amavuta yimbuto yimbuto zishingiye ku mbibi zishingiye ku musaruro wa plastiki nshya

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Gutunganya imiti. Mubisanzwe birimo kataliza na / cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo guca plastiki kandiirashobora gukoreshwa kumyanda yagutse yimyanda ya plastike ugereranije nubushishozi. Kurugero, firime za pulasitike zirimo ibice byinshi cyangwa abanduye bamwe ntibashobora gutungurwa muburyo ariko burashobora gutungurwa.

Ibikoresho fatizo byatewe mu myanda ya plastike muburyo bwo gutunganya imiti irashobora gukoreshwaSimbuza isugi amavuta ya peteroli ashingiye kubikorwa bya plastike nshya, yuzuye-yuzuye.

Imwe mu nyungu nyamukuru zo gutunganya imiti ni uko ari inzira yo kuzamura aho ubuziranenge bwa plastike butagurika neza muburyo butandukanye muburyo bwinshi bwo gutunganya amashini. Indwara ya pulasitike irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo ibiryo nibintu byubuvuzi nubuvuzi bikoresha aho bisabwa umutekano wibicuruzwa bikomeye.